Minimum salary in singapore per month. Apr 3, 2023 · Salary range.
Minimum salary in singapore per month. Plus pay a lump sum allowance of S$360 ($265).
Minimum salary in singapore per month 5. This maintains a level playing field for locals across all age groups. proportion of working households in Singapore - about 30 per cent - do not earn enough to Salary Range, Minimum Wage, and Starting Salary. Other gym memberships and classes will cost on average S$90 to S$120 per month. This makes Asian countries competent outsourcing locations. Your gross annual salary of ; SGD 0 is subject to 2 main deductions in Singapore. positve comments please on Dec 11, 2022 : Mar 27, 2024 · Raise EP qualifying salary from 2025. Conclusion In conclusion, navigating the intricate salary landscape in Singapore requires a nuanced understanding of regional disparities, prevalent industries, sector-specific compensations, and Apr 3, 2025 · The average salary for a general worker is $2,043 per month in Singapore. 50. 5 days ago · The average salary in Singapore for Indian professionals is around S$8,450 per month or roughly ₹ 4,73,200. This is increased to S$1,600 ($1,185) for full-time employees from July 1, 2024. The minimum hourly rate has increased from S$9 to S$10. The estimated total pay for a Sales Executive is $3,592 per month, with an average salary of $3,000 per month. According to a salary report by a salary reporter, the minimum wage in Singapore is 8,790 SGD per month. Jan 22, 2016 · The Philippine Overseas Labor Office – Singapore (POLO-SG) has continued to implement the various provisions of the Philippine government with respect to the protection of our Household Service Workers (HSW). Belgium’s monthly minimum wage is US$2,181 (€2,070). 1 day ago · What’s the average salary in Singapore? As of 2023, the average salary in Singapore is S$5,783 per month. Apr 5, 2024 · Avg Salary for Full-Time Worker in Singapore: (5,783 SGD per month & 69,396 SGD annually) Singapore is a global business and innovation hub with a highly robust job market. Jul 24, 2024 · The minimum salary requirements are: Current: $3,150 per month (general) and $3,650 per month (financial services) From September 1, 2025 (applications) and 2026 (renewals): $3,300* per month (general) and $3,800* per month (financial services) (* To be finalized by Ministry of Manpower) From 2019, employers have been advised to provide low-income workers with base salaries of S$1,400 per month, which at current exchange rates equates to US$1,040. The yearly equivalent is S$ 78,660 (USD 58,749. 9L) per month. 0lakhs per year. Those working in the The average nanny salary in Singapore is S$42,000 per 1 month to 6 months. Currently, the minimum wage in Singapore for work pass types includes: – The Employment Pass (EP) – Used for high-level skilled employees – SGD 5000 per month minimum Jul 22, 2024 · If you add up the monthly recurring cost ($906 per month) to the one-off lump sum cost (about $3,000), you should expect to spend at least $24,000 over a period of 2 years, or about $1,000 per month. We have researched the job market for this profession in detail and derived average values. Employers are required to pay their Singaporean and Permanent Resident employees the LQS, which is not a minimum wage but a wage floor. Salary rates can vary depending on where you are Apr 13, 2025 · The average salary for a customer service representative is $2,757 per month in Singapore. 74). Take some time to find out your responsibilities as an employer, and how much it really costs to hire a maid in Singapore before you make this decision. Oct 2, 2024 · 1 local worker if they earn the LQS of at least $1,600 per month. IT, engineering, banking finance, etc. 5 local worker if they earn half the LQS of at least $800 to below $1,600 per month. Ireland Mar 4, 2025 · This pass is for individuals who specialise in a trade skill. Dec 9, 2020 · 7500 SGD per month, is not good salary in Singapore barley to manage unless you stay in shared accomedation by renting 1 common room. annually. For full-time employed Singapore residents, the Median Gross Monthly Income from work, including employer CPF contributions, is S$4,563. The country offers opportunities for higher education with top-notch quality, a high standard of living, and an efficient healthcare system. 1 bedroom flat (near city centre) S$2,800 per month. Unlike many other countries, Singapore does not have an official national minimum wage. This amount, however, can be lower or higher depending on the nationality of your maid and the agency through which you hire her. 86 / €3,021. 3 SGD or 344,333. Foreign domestic workers (maids) in Singapore have a separate set of minimum wage regulations. As of 2024, the minimum wage in Singapore stands at SGD 1,500 per month, ensuring a foundational level of income for workers across various sectors. Personal lifestyle choices determine the minimum wage criteria. Dec 24, 2024 · In Singapore, firms that hire foreign workers are to pay their Singaporean and Permanent Resident employees a Local Qualifying Salary (LQS) of at least $1,600 a month for full-timers and $10. Aug 30, 2021 · SINGAPORE, Aug 30 — From March 2023, administrators in all companies across Singapore should be paid at least S$1,500 (RM4,634) a month, while drivers should receive a minimum The cost of living in Singapore amounts to 1,483. Half earn above the minimum wage, while the other half earn below the minimum. Under existing regulations, HSWs are entitled to US$ 400. It draws on research done in Singapore using the Minimum Income Standard focus group methodology, defining a basic standard of living in… Dec 24, 2024 · In 2024, the average salary in Singapore for full-time workers is SGD 3000 to 5000 per month and SGD 60,000 to 70,000 per year. 3 bedroom HDB flat (outside city centre) S$2,500 per month. Jan 2, 2025 · As of 2025, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) has updated the Singapore work permit salary requirements for work pass holders. As of March 2020, the average salary of domestic helpers in Singapore is between S$438 and S$709 per month. Feb 13, 2025 · Singapore’s monthly gross median income from employment is currently S$5,500. Salaries for the position Dentist in Singapore range from 8,900 SGD (starting salary) to 28,300 SGD (maximum salary). Jan 10, 2025 · The cost of hiring a maid in Singapore goes beyond her monthly salary and involves other fees and responsibilities. Allows work and travel in Singapore for up to 6 months under the Work Holiday Minimum qualifying salary for renewal of passes expiring from 1 Jan 2025 to 31 Dec 2025 Minimum qualifying salary for new applications from 1 Jan 2025, and for renewals of passes expiring from 1 Jan 2026 ; All (except financial services) $5,000 (increases progressively with age from age 23, up to $10,500 at age 45 and above) $5,600 Dec 14, 2024 · In Singapore, the maximum salary in 2024 per month is around 37,766 SGD (278. To calculate your overtime pay, please refer to the MOM website: www. 50 (€7. 247 salaries reported, updated at 15 January 2025. Salaries for the position Teacher in Singapore range from 3,110 SGD (starting salary) to 8,690 SGD (maximum salary). Didn’t need to do much either and just give out questions and asks us to finish the work, then correct and explain the wrong ones. The average salary in Singapore in 2023 was S$ 6,555 (USD 4,896. Job openings in Singapore. This amount—$2,990 per month—provides a starting point and a reasonable target for considering a living wage for Singapore. Mid-level skilled foreign workers in Singapore who hold an S pass will receive a minimum monthly salary of SGD 3,000. , are some of the key industries of the country. 8 INR per month for a single person and 5,330. Residents have by far the highest salaries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) zone, taking home around ten times as much money as workers in nearby countries like Vietnam or Indonesia. For international students working part-time while study in Singapore , the average salary ranges from SGD 1,200 to 2,500 per month and SGD 14,400 to 30,000 annually. This is because of many factors, such as experience, pay increments, and promotions. Hence, more experienced candidates require higher qualifying salaries. Singapore does not have a legislated minimum wage for most industries. In 2022, the actual median work income among all full-time workers was already $5,070 (including employer CPF), or 1. From January 1, 2025, the minimum qualifying salary for EP holders will be S$5,600 per month. The qualifying salary may be higher for candidates working in the financial sector. Landed house (outside city centre Mar 4, 2024 · Financial services professionals will need to earn at least S$6,200 per month, up from S$5,500, in view of the sector’s higher wage norms. 5 ($3,637. Progressive Wage Mark: The government has introduced the Progressive Wage Mark, a scheme for employers who pay progressive wages to lower-wage workers. The average (median) annual salary for full-time employed residents in Singapore is $60,840, or $5,070 per month, according to the latest figures from the Statistics Department of Singapore's Ministry of Manpower. For students and graduates aged 18 to 25. The estimated additional pay is $592 per month. The minimum qualifying salary for EP applicants in Relatedly, the minimum 9 The gross monthly wage includes the basic monthly wage (comprising the monthly fixed component and the monthly variable component), and gross wage components such as allowances, commissions and overtime payments, but excludes Annual Wage Supplement and bonuses (which are usually paid on an annual basis). In general, many employers apply for this pass when hiring technical staff. Nov 29, 2024 · For part-timers, the minimum is S$10. or willing to let go 60% of salary to only in rental. Utilities for one person maybe $50-100 a month. To be eligible to receive support through Workfare, you must be a Singapore citizen. It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all regions of Sep 1, 2021 · Together with the Progressive Wage Model, 82 per cent of these full-time lower-wage workers will be covered under some form of wage floor. (per month) Minimum Gross Wage Requirement ($) Paid OT hours (per month) Minimum Gross Wage Requirement ($) 0 (Baseline Gross Wage) 1,600 37 2,034 1 1,611 38 2,046 Mar 10, 2025 · A good salary to live in Singapore depends on experience level, job role and industry type. The top 10% of workers earn more than ₹50. Now, let’s explore the question of what is considered a good salary to live comfortably in Singapore. Your total overtime must not exceed 72 hours in a month. 3. However, rarely do we think of this as our salary. Entry-level jobs: SGD 3,000 to SGD 5,000 per month. 30 salaries reported, updated at 5 March 2025 • Late payment interest charged at 18% per annum (1. The minimum salary for FDW in Singapore is regulated by the government, but the experienced maid salary in Singapore can be higher, reflecting their skills and expertise. Use this calculator to see the income required to meet the basic needs of a household which includes parent(s) (single or partnered) and 1 to 3 children up to the age of 25. Jan 15, 2024 · Many work passes require applicants to be paid a higher minimum wage in Singapore to encourage companies to hire locally. 8. In September 2023, they stated that S$2,906 per month would be a “reasonable starting point” for a living wage in Singapore. This should be taken as an estimate on the low end. 4 per hour. Oct 18, 2021 · The researchers suggest that a reasonable living wage in Singapore to attain a basic standard of living is $2,906 per month (inclusive of Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions). But by acquiring new skills through training, they could advance to supervisory Nov 20, 2024 · Singapore Minimum Salary. A classic minimum wage system would apply in the same way Mar 18, 2024 · The Employment Pass (EP) minimum qualifying salary is being increased from $5,000 to $5,600 per month. 08 / £2,754. S Pass: For mid-level jobs with a minimum salary of SGD 3,150 (₹1. Salaries for the position Quantity Surveyor in Singapore range from 2,370 SGD (starting salary) to 7,350 SGD (maximum salary). However, it is important that you earn enough to cover the cost of living in singapore which is SGD 1,480 ( INR 95,129) excluding rent. Instead, the country has implemented a Progressive Wage Model (PWM) that prescribes minimum wages for certain economic sectors. However, Singapore minimum wage per month for certain industries such as cleaning and security has been set by the government under the Progressive Wage Model (PWM). (per month) Minimum Gross Wage Requirement ($) Paid OT hours (per month) Minimum Gross Wage Requirement ($) 0 (Baseline Gross Wage) 1,600 37 2,034 1 1,611 38 2,046 Apr 3, 2023 · Salary range. This is the minimum as per the gathered data in the salary survey not the minimum hourly rate mandated by law. These figures represent the highest potential earnings across various industries and job roles in Singapore. From 1 Sep 2022, all companies hiring foreign workers must pay all local employees at least the Local Qualifying Salary (LQS). Public transport $5 a day x30 gives you $150. However, the average wage fluctuates based on several factors, and this article tackles multiple factors so you can get a realistic picture of the average salary in Singapore. Salary Range, Minimum Wage, and Starting Salary. However, your take-home salary will be $3,200, after accounting for your 20% employee’s CPF contribution. 5% per month). 36) per month. The qualifying salary will continue to increase progressively with age, up to $10,700 for a Jan 12, 2025 · Minimum salary requirement: $3,000 per month. Jun 24, 2022 · If you eat out once a week: S$60 to S$240 per month : Fitness: A monthly peak hour unlimited pass at Activesg costs S$30 per month. 99) According to Payscale research: “The average salary in Singapore is S$58,554. 3 bedroom HDB flat (near city centre) S$4,300 per month. The salary of a domestic helper in Singapore ranges from about S$400 to S$650 per month. The finalized qualifying salary will be announced closer to the implementation date based on prevailing local APT wages at that time. Salaries for the position Electrical Engineer in Singapore range from 4,040 SGD (starting salary) to 12,200 SGD (maximum salary). 00 ($12. Sep 18, 2024 · S$1,900 per month. interns in Singapore. 34) per hour. Here’s a detailed insight into the Singapore labour salary per month in Indian Dec 4, 2024 · For example, the base wage for security officers has been increased to S$1,650 per month, while cleaners now have a minimum wage of S$1,570 per month. General Worker job openings in Singapore. Mar 13, 2024 · The minimum salary in singapore divides the working population into two groups. For full-time employed Singapore residents, the Median Gross Monthly Income from work, including employer CPF contributions, is S$5,500 . It can be a huge financial commitment as well. It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all regions of Apr 13, 2025 · The average salary for a accountant is $4,463 per month in Singapore. You can earn a minimum of $60 per day (30 The minimum salary requirement in Singapore is set at $1,400 per month for full-time employees and $9 per hour for part-time employees. Salaries in Engineering in Singapore range from 2,260 SGD (starting average salary) to 15,100 SGD (maximum average salary, actual maximum is higher). The pass is valid for up to three months, with extensions subject to approval. 2 SGD or 95,810. However, if these maids choose to work on their rest day(s), they can opt for incentives or receive a higher salary of $500 per month. Up to 2 children, between 0 to 12+ years old. 78). Mar 19, 2025 · Employment Pass (EP): For skilled professionals earning at least SGD 5,000 (₹3. The qualifying salary will continue to increase progressively with age, up to S$10,700 for a candidate in their mid-40s. 1k salaries reported, updated at 14 April 2025 Mar 5, 2025 · The average salary for a factory worker is $2,149 per month in Singapore. 15 USD) and the annual maximum salary is 453,200 SGD (3337. Average Income/Salary in Singapore (By Age) It is typical that as we age (up to a certain point), our wages rise too. For S pass employees in the financial sector, the minimum salary is SGD 3,500 per month. Minimum The minimum pay rate per hour for people working in Factory and Manufacturing in Singapore is 12 SGD. Granted that they are not undergrads but that’s $1k to $2k per hour. Work Holiday Pass. Belgium. Suitable for structured training programs offered by Singapore-based employers. Salaries for the position Civil Engineer in Singapore range from 4,060 SGD (starting salary) to 11,400 SGD (maximum salary). Salaries for the position Lawyer in Singapore range from 7,510 SGD (starting salary) to 25,200 SGD (maximum salary). Even eons ago, I knew tuition teachers that were charging $100 per hour per student in a group setting of almost 10 to 20 kids. 1 INR per month for a family of four excluding rent. Apr 8, 2025 · As of 2025, the average salary in Singapore is projected to be around S$7,310 per month. Calculation of foreign worker quota for firms will remain unchanged with the new LQS requirement. of at least $1,400 per month. times). Internet can be as cheap as $10 per month for 100gb phone data plan, so you technically don't need WiFi if you really want to save. 4 days ago · The government regularly conducts research into fair wages. Your final take-home pay is ; SGD 0 per month, or SGD 0. • Fine of up to $5,000 and no less than $1,000 per offence and/or up to 6 months’ jail term. 2. What is a good salary in Singapore? Considering taxes and living expenses, which for one person renting in the city centre is approximately S$5,097. This mark aims to recognize and incentivize Oct 8, 2021 · The average wage per working parent needed to meet the basic standards of living is $2,906 per month. Plus pay a lump sum allowance of S$360 ($265). The minimum pay rate per hour for people working in Food / Hospitality / Tourism / Catering in Singapore is 12 SGD. You also must be at least 35 years old and have a gross monthly income that's less than $2,300. Oct 24, 2024 · What is the minimum wage to survive in Singapore? The minimum wage needed to sustain a livelihood in Singapore typically ranges from S$ 1,207 to S$ 1,407 (₹77,030. 1L) per month. 3 bedroom Condominium (outside city centre) S$3,500 per month. . For example, if your gross salary is $4,000, your total salary (inclusive of 17% employer CPF contribution) will be $4,680, or slightly above the median salary level in Singapore. Jan 1, 2024 · Singapore intends to increase the salary monthly threshold for foreign workers to qualify for an employment pass from S$5,000 (US$3,700) to S$5,600 (US$4,170), effective January 1, 2025, in an effort to enhance job opportunities for locals, according to Manpower Minister Tan See Leng as reported by the Straits Times on March 4, 2024. The largest deduction is ; CPF Contribution, at SGD 0 per year. Singapore is also bringing changes to S Pass levy rates in Jul 13, 2020 · The minimum monthly salary rate for a Myanmar maid is $450, which is lower than the minimum wage for Filipino and Indonesian maids. 85 USD) according to the World Salaries. Mar 11, 2024 · For applicants working in the financial sector: at least S$6,200 per month** For applicants working in all other sectors: at least S$5,600 per month** ** Please note that the minimum monthly qualifying salary increases progressively with age. Based on the reports for 2022, an average salary in Singapore is around S$5,783 per month or ₹3. If we input this amount into our salary calculator, we get a monthly after-tax salary of $3,905 for Singapore tax residents. 800,000 (about US$76. If you’re considering working in Singapore, you might be wondering about the country’s minimum wage laws. 55) for anyone under 19 years of age working as an apprentice or over 19 and in their first year of apprenticeship. 50 an hour for part-timers. The minimum salary requirement is $3,000 per month, although this amount progressively increases based on the candidate's age. SINGAPORE: About 159,000 lower-wage workers will earn at least S$1,400 under a new local qualifying salary (LQS) requirement that kicks in on Thursday (Sep 1). From time to time, Feb 19, 2021 · It is the minimum salary that is to be paid to a staff to qualify as full-time employment. It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all regions of Mar 4, 2024 · SINGAPORE: The minimum monthly qualifying salary for new Employment Pass (EP) applicants will increase to S$5,600 (US$4,200) from next year, up from S$5,000 currently. It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from S$1,800 - S$2,500 per month: 2 BHK apartments for rent: S$3,000 - S$4,500 per month: Electricity bill: S$100 - S$150 per month: Bus pass: S$100 - S$120 per person: Wi-Fi: S$40 - S$60 per month: Groceries: S$500 to S$1,000 per month: Meal for two: S$60 - S$100 per month: Housemaid: S$15 - S$20 per month: Miscellaneous: S$300 to S$500 per month Aug 13, 2024 · For example, the Indonesian maid salary may differ from other nationalities, and it's important to stay updated on the standards, such as the Singapore maid salary in 2017. Jun 23, 2024 · These figures give us a general idea of the minimum amount of money required to cover basic living expenses in Singapore. 3 bedroom Condominium (near city centre) S$8,000 per month. Mid-level professionals: SGD 6,000 to SGD 10,000 per month. 0. MOM will be increasing the EP minimum qualifying salary from S$5,000 to S$5,600 per month. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. When it comes to the average salary in Singapore, it may vary between S$2,140 for entry-level positions and go all the way up to S$37,700 at the very top of the pile. 53 (£7. All Sectors (excluding Financial Services): The minimum qualifying salary will be SGD 5,600 per month. If you’re considering working in Singapore, this guide will help you understand how much you can earn and what to expect. Apr 13, 2024 · The common minimum salary and the regional minimum salary are the two minimum wage categories in Vietnam. These are workers who are not in Apr 26, 2023 · The average salary in Asia is around 12,883 USD per year, which is significantly lower than the average salaries in other continents like North America (USD 50,832) and Europe (USD 37,020). It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all If we look at the Autocad salary statistics in Singapore as of 16 April 2025, the represented employee makes $43,080; to be more precise pay rate is $3,590 per month, $898 per week, or $20. Here is a breakdown of estimated minimum monthly salaries as per the maids’ nationalities: Myanmar: S$450 Jan 2, 2025 · Singapore has proposed a salary threshold to be at least $3,800 (to be finalized) from 1 Sep 2025 for new applications and from 1 Sep 2026 for renewals. Oct 2, 2024 · 1 local worker if they earn the LQS of at least $1,600 per month. Oct 14, 2024 · In 2014, when the PWM became mandatory, the minimum basic monthly pay for a general office cleaner was $1,000. Comparing the two approaches, a living wage could address income inequality more comprehensively by focusing on the workers’ ability to cover their basic needs and maintain a Aug 7, 2024 · The minimum salary requirement for an EP varies depending on the sector and the candidate's experience level. Security Guard. 62 to ₹89,865. ). 3 bedrooms condo in a decent location: S$ 7,000/month International school for two children: ~ S$ 60,000/year (so S$5,000 per month?) - this may not be relevant now but at some point I guess 18-20k+ per month would be the best. A memorandum posted by the Philippine Embassy in Singapore as of January 2016 said: “Under existing regulations, HSWs are entitled to US$ 400. Apr 13, 2025 · The average salary for a warehouse worker is $2,180 per month in Singapore. 3k salaries reported, updated at 13 April 2025 Customer Service Representative job openings in Singapore Salary Range, Minimum Wage, and Starting Salary. Because of that, citizens over the age of 30 who earn less than S$2,500 per month qualify for the Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) scheme. Add some misc expenses, maybe $800 a month if you really the kind that can live like a minimalist. sg > Employment practices > Salary > Calculate overtime pay Computation and Payment for Overtime Work For example, if you earn $1,200 basic salary per month, your hourly basic rate of pay is: 12 x $1,200 According to Francis Alex, the minimum salary for expats in Singapore is 2,300 SGD per month. The most popular occupations in Singapore are Marketing Executive, Software Engineer, and Senior Software Engineer which pay between S$35,376 and S$68,236 per year. Based on this minimum salary, you can save 1,100 SGD per month, or 39,510 PhP in the current exchange rate. 00 or its equivalent in the local foreign currency of the destination country. Of course you could do with less than that but the condo and school parts are hard to reduce. 62) per hour, approximately £1,732 ($2,186) per month; Also as of April 2024, the minimum wage per hour is US$9. mom. The common minimum salary, which is set at VND 1. Rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that Mar 5, 2025 · The average salary for a security guard is $1,762 per month in Singapore. Your business can easily hire employees in Singapore without opening a local entity. It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all Salary Range, Minimum Wage, and Starting Salary. Let’s get into the details. Exceptions: Foreign Domestic Workers. To clarify, the number presented is not the legally mandated minimum wage. S$30 per month: Recreation: Shaw Theatres, Cathay Cineplexes and Golden Village Cinema offer the cheapest weekday movie tickets at S$9 Equates to per month: S$4,879. Mar 4, 2025 · Is there a minimum wage in Singapore? There's not a minimum wage, but the Ministry of Manpower provides support for low-wage workers through a programme called Workfare. 7k salaries reported, updated at 13 April 2025 Mar 17, 2025 · If we exclude employer CPF contributions, the average median income in 2024 was $4,860 per month (or $58,320 per year). 24 lakhs. Dec 9, 2024 · 18-20 years of age: £10. 7 times of $2,990. 203 salaries reported, updated at 3 April 2025. Jul 21, 2024 · The Minimum Income Standard estimates that the average living wage in Singapore, between different household types and age groups, is approximately S$2,990 per month. 13, a good salary in Singapore would likely be above S$7,000–S$8,000 (€4,895-€5,594) per month. gov. 6), is used to set employee compensation in state-owned businesses and institutions. osbjiac ofhem zhwi hgtyp rqrsz uagxmn habj jawm uqj jokhh boz kubj wzl gnikoap vpqvvyq