Genus lingula diet chart 2017) as well as Top; Atlas; Geology; Funding for development and construction of this webpage was provided by the National Science Foundation (EF-1206757, EF-1206769, and EF-1206750). In one species of genus Lingula, a pair of statocysts is present; as a burrowing species, these structures may aid in orienting the body in the substrate. Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the Lingula lives from the tidal zone to 23 fathoms (about 42 metres [138 feet]). Lingula is primarily an Indo-Pacific genus and is harvested for human consumption in Japan and Australia. 5. The Inarticulata (with about 45 species) appeared first in the fossil record at the beginning of the Cambrian; these were followed by the Articulata (290+ species). , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary. Genus. 2 Brachiopods vs. Genus Rhytirhynchia Cooper, 1957. The genus Lingula was created in 1791 (not 1797) Lingulata is a class of brachiopods, among the oldest of all brachiopods having existed since the Cambrian period (). Brachiopoda dari kelas Inarticulata; genus Lingula merupakan penciri dari jenis brachiopoda yang paling tua, yaitu Lower Cambrian. Kegunaan fosil Brachiopoda ini yaitu sangat baik untuk fosil index (index fossil ) untuk strata pada suatu wilayah yang luas. Growth lines form perpendicular to the costae and are spaced approximately 2 to 3 times further apart than the costae. Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. Apr 28, 2017 · An organism’s scientific name is always italicized, and the genus name is capitalized while the species name is not. The lingulids are useful fossils for the environmental information Apr 8, 2017 · Brachiopoda dari Klas Inarticulata ; Genus Lingula merupakan penciri dari jenis brachiopoda yang paling tua, yaitu Lower Cambrian. May 4, 2012 · The genus Glottidia differs from the genus Lingula by the presence of septa in the internal valve faces and papillae in the mantle and by the baculation of its shell, absent in Lingula, but present in Discinisca (Iwata 1981, 1982) and also found in shells of Early Palaeozoic linguliform brachiopods (Holmer 1989). Oct 7, 2024 · Some brachiopods, like Lingula anatina, also possess statocysts as balancing organs. Darwin classified it as a living fossil. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like _____ absorb most of their food from dead organisms. Like all brachiopods, it is a filter feeder. from the Late Cretaceous of Mielnik (eastem Poland) have been studied for comparative purposes (Table 3). Published by the author and Deterville, Paris. 3 Brachiopod Paleoecology –– 1. Most modern branchiopods anchor by the pedicle to pebbles, to the undersides of stones, or to other hard objects. They continue to represent them in sandy coastal seafloors from the West African coast to Australia ( Emig 2008 ). , Hammond and Poiner, 1984 ; but see Emig, 2003 for a different view). Some species may also be chemoreceptive via their tentacles or mantle edges. 600 m secara benthos secyl 4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Order: Lingulida Genus: Lingula Time Period: Ordovician-Recent, Order: Lingulida Genus: Barosella Time Period: Devonian, Order: Acrotretida Genus: Acrothele Time Period: Cambrian and more. It May 15, 2009 · Cretaceous lingulid brachiopods have been described from many parts of the world since the mid-nineteenth century (e. : viii + 432 pp. Study with Knowt flashcards for free. Overall Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. The Craniiformea have one family, the Craniidae, with four genera: Craniscus , Neoancistrocrania , Neocrania , and Valdiviathyris . Lingula anatina is a brachiopod species in the genus Lingula. They prefer quiet water and protected surroundings. Lingulepis, a related genus more or less restricted to the Late Cambrian, differs from other lingulids in appearance; it is more teardrop in form. Right: Dorsal view of Globirhynchia subglobsoleta (Bajocian – M Jurassic) showing the circular pedicle foramen. Species Lingula uses its pedicle to move up and down in the vertical burrow in which it lives. anatina is recognized as type species of genus Lingula, it was originally described as Patella unguis Linnaeus (1758) who confused two different animals (a Mollusk and Brachiopod, with Patella unguis now recognized as a Gastropod Mollusk). org全赖于全球数千个以上成员和支持者们的参与。 隐私政策 - 条款和条款细则 - 联络我们 - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: 2025. The long pedicle facilitates burrowing; extant Lingula is typically found burrowed in soft muddy sediments with only the valve edges protruding Habitat( 1 ): Lives in vertical burrows in soft substrates, generally close to the shore On the history of the names Lingula, anatina, and on the confusion of the forms assigned them among the Brachiopoda Christian C. References. any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus Lingula, and Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. These orders do not contain fossil brachiopods commonly found in Kentucky. dregeri. Taxonomie du genre Lingula (Brachiopodes, Inarticulés). anatina, its type species. All other species in the genus Homo are extinct. Atrypa is a genus of brachiopod with round to short egg-shaped shells covered with many fine radial ridges (or costae). Actualism The notion that fundamental physical principles operating today have done so throughout Earth's History. It does not appear that these early representatives could burrow as well as the extant genus Lingula. , and are referred to 'Lingula' below (Thble 2). The genus Lingula is known, virtually unchanged, from fossils extending back at least 400 million years, making it the oldest known animal genus. anatina, which was then studied by CUVIER (1802). in the genus Lingula has two statocysts; this is a burrowing species, therefore these structures might help with body orientation in the substrate [35] Adult articulates' "brain" is made up of two ganglia: one above and one below the oesophagus. Memorize terms like Genus , Genus , Genus and others. Lingula lives in burrows in barren sandy coastal seafloor and feeds by filtering detritus from the water. George Shaw describe Mytilus rostrum in 1798, but this species was later assigned to Lingula. Ada yang hidup di air tawar, namun sangat jarang 3. D. Please report any problems Keywords: Lampshell, lingula, reproductive biology 1. 版权所有© mindat. , The modern "sand dollar" that lives along sandy beaches is part of the echinoderm group called, Regarding the phylogeny of Nannippus, the first Nannippus species (unnamed) gave rise DIRECTLY to and more. Eggs are shed into the water and fertilized at the time of spawning. By Christian C. Basiliolella grayi (Woodward, 1855) Basiliolella colurnus (Hedley, 1905) Genus Basiliola Dall, 1908. Lingula is known as "moule-à-queue" (tailed mussel) in New Caledonia, "bec de cane" (duck bill) along some coasts in the Indian Ocean, and "shamisen-gai" in Japan (for its likeness to the shamisen, a Japanese lute). The dorsal/brachial valve also has a modest fold, and fine ribs radiating from the beak. d’Orbigny 1847; Davidson 1852; Lundgren 1885), but as noted by Biernat and Emig (), among others, most fossil lingulid species have been defined on the basis of only a limited number of vague external shell characters and usually referred to the genus ‘Lingula’ in a Today, this small group of bivalves includes the living genus Lingula, but during the Paleozoic Era, this group was very common in the world's oceans. Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Cnidaria, Class: Anthozoa, Order: Tabulata, Family: Favositidae, Genus: Favosites Time: Late Ordovocian to Late Permian periods, 488-251 mya; commonly found in Silurian limestone Mode of Life: They were colonial. The mantle papillae that are characteristic of this genus occur along the main mantle canals. It is found today living in sandy beaches along the coast of Japan. Genus Lingula hanya hidup pada daerah tropis/hangat dengan kedalaman maksimal 40 meter. distribution. The genus Lingula was created in 1791 (not 1797) by Bruguière and in 1801 Lamarck named the first species L. them. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. Lingula or forms very close in appearance have existed possibly since the Cambrian . Lingula is known to have existed possibly since the Cambrian. In 1812 the first fossil lingulids were discovered in the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic strata of the U Aug 20, 2007 · The hemerythrin in extant Lingula has an oxygen equilibrium that is reversibly altered by pH changes (Manwell, 1960), which means that Lingula can store more oxygen when environments tend to be acidic, as would have been the case in the sea during the PTB period (Knoll et al. The term Brachiopod is derived from the Ancient Greek words’ brachion,’ meaning arm, and ‘podos,’ meaning foot. Thuy Trieu Lagoon is located on the south-central coast of Vietnam, There are two highly divergent extant classes of brachiopods. S. Lingula is the best-known inarticulate brachiopod alive today. Jul 5, 2022 · The genus has a straight, strophic hinge. The pedicles of Lingula are a delicacy in some countries and are known as ‘lamp shells’ In the Silurian rocks of Shropshire, unusually preserved Pentamerus oblongus brachiopods have led to the rock in which they occur being called ‘government rock The evolutionary origins of lingulid brachiopods and their calcium phosphate shells have been obscure. Lingula is known to have existed since the early Ordovician period. Brachiopoda modern memiliki ukuran cangkang rata-rata dari 5mm hingga 8 cm. [1] [2] Composita had a smooth shell with a more or less distinct fold and sulcus and a round opening for the pedicle on the pedicle valve. Craniformea contains only one class, Craniata, which contains the orders Craniida, Craniposida, and Trimerilida. They burrow in the sand of their brackish intertidal habitat. This naming refers to the brachia or arms of the lophophore found in these animals. Genus and species are the only taxonomic ranks that are italicized. Description and biology Shell shape is oval-ovate with a glossy shell. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Series 4. Kehadiran rekaman kehidupannya sangat terkait dengan proses Bioconose dan Thanathoconose. org/page/14117719 [details] Lingula is the best-known inarticulate brachiopod alive today. net dictionary. note: Redescription of genus and updated descriptions and distributional information for all species. Lamy & Andre (1941) and Rowell (1964) point out this issue an conclude that Lingula Name Rank Opinion Evidence Author; Lingula: genus: belongs to Lingulidae: stated with evidence: Raymond, 1911: Lingula: genus: belongs to Lingulida: second hand The first descriptions of Lingula were made from then extant specimens by three famous French scientists: BRUGUIÈRE, CUVIER, and LAMARCK. Lingula lives in mud or… Read More Occurs in and burrows in sandy silt sparsely covered with seaweeds (Ref. a-c, an inarticulate brachiopod, Lingula; a, in feeding position at the mouth of its burrow; b, slit-like opening of the burrow (the arrows indicate the incurrent and excurrent flow of water); c, a fossil Lingula. May 20, 2016 · The geographic population patterns of Lingula anatina across the Indo-West Pacific region are analyzed based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α gene sequences. 27 05:20:40 It is primarily an Indo-Pacific genus that is harvested for human consumption in Japan and Australia. It BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. the specimens must be referred to the genus Lingula. Other articles where Lingula is discussed: evolution: Gradual and punctuational evolution: …fossils”—for instance, the lamp shell Lingula, a genus of brachiopod (a phylum of shelled invertebrates) that appears to have remained essentially unchanged since the Ordovician Period, some 450 million years ago; or the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), a reptile that has shown little morphological Genus Peronopsis BRACHIOPODS (Phylum Brachiopoda) Class Inarticulata Genus Lingula Class Articulata Genus Atrypa Genus Composita Genus Juresania* Genus Leptaena* Genus Mucrospirifer Genus Platystrophia Genus 5D¿QHVTXLQD MOLLUSKS (Phylum Mollusca) Class Bivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels) Genus Exogyra Genus Gryphaea Genus Pecten Genus Glycymeris Oct 1, 2013 · Hidup di air laut >> benthos secyl 2. Taxonomy. Apr 24, 2023 · Modern Lingulidae genera (Lingula and Lingularia), together with the Ordovician pseudolingulides, obolides, and Lingulasma, form a monophyletic group, all with low PC1 values (Figures 3C and S3). The Biodiversity Heritage Library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. We assign all the specimens of Lingulafound in the Miocene of Poland to L. Members of the phylum Brachiopoda are gonochoric. Like others in its genus, L. Descriptions of fossil shells of the collections of the exploring expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes, USN, obtained in Australia, from the lower layers of the coal formation in Illawarra, and from a deposit probably of nearly the same age at Harper's Hill, Valley of the Hunter, American Journal of Science and Arts, Second Series 4, 151-160 Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. 4(3-4): 337-367. Brachiopod or bivalve? Brachiopods (or Brachiopoda) are often confused with bivalved mollusks (clams or Bivalvia). Littoral zone from the French West Indies to the eastern coast of Virginia Searching for the etymology of the genus name Lingula, I discovered that several Bruguière's publications have been issue at different years, but the first is the best: 1791. Lingula (Figure 8) is an unusual brachiopod, not only because it has two similar sized valves, but also because it lives in a burrow, attached by a long pedicle. Chapter contents: 1. Class Articulata. BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Animalia: information (1) Animalia: pictures (22861) Animalia: specimens (7109) Genus Lingula. Meaning of lingula. Rhytirhynchia sladeni (Dall, 1910) Genus Basiliolella d'Hondt, 1987. punctate shell substance - the feature characteristic of the genus Lingulipora (Baliflski 1985; Table 1). 舌形贝綱（学名：Lingulata）是腕足動物門 舌形貝型亞門下的一綱，是現存最古老的腕足動物類群之一，自寒武紀以來存在至今。 。牠們也是形態上演化地最保守的腕足動物之一，其外殼在漫長的演化史上幾乎沒有顯著的外觀變化，如今在日本周圍海域發現的活體樣本與寒武紀的化石標本擁有幾乎 Hasil praktikum dilaporkan berupa pengamatan morfologi dan anatomi filum (Porifera, Coelenterata, Brachyophoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea, Echinodhermata) dalam avertebrata air serta fungsi dan peranannya di perairan. Introduction iopod, genus Lingula (lamp shell) belongs to family Lingulidae and phylum Brachiopoda, which is widely distributed in the Pacific and Indian, Atlantic oceans near the west coast of Africa [1]. 舌形贝纲（学名：Lingulata）是腕足动物门 舌形贝型亚门下的一纲，是现存最古老的腕足动物类群之一，自寒武纪以来存在至今。 。它们也是形态上演化地最保守的腕足动物之一，其外壳在漫长的演化史上几乎没有显著的外观变化，如今在日本周围海域发现的活体样本与寒武纪的化石标本拥有几乎 . Simpson (1953) used it as a classic example for bradytelic evolution and the genus is often considered to be a ‘living fossil’ (e. d-g, an articulate The genus Lingula was created in 1791 by Jean Guillaume Bruguière. Brachiopods A three-dimensional, negative imprint of a fossil organic structure is called Oct 1, 2022 · Lingula, the type genus of the family, has been famous since Darwin (1859) noted that it showed little morphological change since the Silurian. Dana J. Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses place Lingula Sep 18, 2015 · The evolutionary origins of lingulid brachiopods and their calcium phosphate shells have been obscure. They are also among the most morphologically conservative of the brachiopods, having lasted from their earliest appearance to the present with very little change in shape. Mampu hidup pada kedalaman hingga 5. Articulates (class Articulata) make up 95% of the known brachiopod genera. Emig. . This Jun 1, 2017 · Lingula, which is known as tailed mussel, is a brachiopod genus of the family Lingulidae and regarded as one of the most primitive genera in brachiopods (Luo et al 2015a). Bivalves –– 1. In the Trésor de la Langue Française Informatisé (CNRS), the word "lingule" in French or Lingula in Latin is attributed to Bruguière (1791). Lingula subspatulata Warren p. Geography. TSN: 156762. 2017) as well as Today, this small group of bivalves includes the living genus Lingula, but during the Paleozoic Era, this groups was very common in the world's oceans. However, this status is questionable, as the shape of Lingula corresponds to a burrowing lifestyle which could have evolved in numerous ways in unrelated brachiopod lineages. By examining its unique evolutionary adaptations and long-standing presence in marine ecosystems, the research highlights the necessity of conserving Lingula as a vital component of marine heritage. Hingga saat ini diketahui memiliki sekitar 300 spesies dari Brachiopoda. 4 Brachiopod PreservationAbove image: Kunstformen der Natur (1904), plate 97: Spirobranchia by Ernst Haeckel; source: Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain). anatina, which was then studied by Cuvier (1802). In 1801 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck described L. (Lee and Campbell 1987) (see Figure 2). Please report any problems The mantle edges and setae are supplied with tactile receptors. (Ref. tumidula Reeve, 1841. The extant genus Lingula shows minimal change from Ordovician fossils and are considered "living fossils". Homo is the genus name, while sapiens is the species name. Species Lingula adamsi. 111 References Warren P. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the __________, the reproductive cycle entails alternation of generations; a spore-producing generation alternates with one that produces eggs and sperm. Overview With very few living representatives, brachiopod classification has primarily come Taxonomy While L. Composita is an extinct brachiopod genus that lived from the Late Devonian to the Late Permian. The inarticulated brachiopods Definition of lingula in the Definitions. [1] Composita had a cosmopolitan global distribution, having lived on every continent except Antarctica. Brachiopods are easily distinguished from molluscs Brachiopoda (from Latin bracchium, arm + New Latin -poda, foot) is a major invertebrate phylum, whose members, the brachiopods or lamp shells, are sessile, two-shelled, marine animals with an external morphology resembling bivalves (that is, "clams") of phylum Mollusca to which they are not closely related. EMIG 1 Abstract: The first descriptions of Lingula were made from then extant specimens by three famous French scientists: BRUGUIÈRE, CUVIER, and LAMARCK. 1456) Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. 1. Lingula or forms very close in appearance have existed possibly since the Cambrian. As such, lingulids had advantages to obtain and store more Genus Favosites (honeycomb coral) Name Origin: Dubbed as the honeycomb coral due to its appearance, comes from the Latin word "favus". org1993年至2025年，除了规定的地方。 Mindat. 31 18:42:06 Page updated: 2025. Their valves appear to be slightly more convex than in other spe− cies of Lingula and closely resemble the Recent L. The genus Lingula being the oldest of all living genera is considered as living fossil which reveals an ancient lineage to Pre- Cambrian period. Lingula differs markedly from earlier forms in the nature of the posterior of the valves, and most obviously in the major reduction Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like genus lingula, genus atrypa, genus composita and more. Jun 1, 2010 · This terminology dates back to Darwin's work, which coined the term “living fossils”, and includes the genus Lingula as one of its examples (Emig, 2008). Dec 10, 2008 · The first descriptions of Lingula were made from then extant specimens by three famous French scientists: Bruguière, Cuvier, and Lamarck. The genus Lingula was created in 1791 (not 1797) by BRUGUIÈRE and in 1801 LAMARCK named the first species L. [1] Lingula is a good example of a living fossil. Kingdom Animalia animals. Australian Biological Resources Study. Acrotheloids, discinoids, and other linguloids, however, form a paraphyletic group characterized by high PC1 values. Aug 30, 2013 · The phylum Brachiopoda is a minor phylum, widely known as "living fossils", and several studies reported the existence of this phylum from middle to Upper Jurassic (Alberti et al. 3. (Brusca and Brusca, 2003) Communication Channels Oct 1, 2017 · The results showed that there is one type of Brachiopods, namely the genus Lingula (Bruguière 1791), species Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 which are scattered on the north coast of Aceh. g. D) is representing the dissimilar color of the shells, Feb 7, 2006 · They are important to geologists in establishing stratigraphic sequences useful in oil exploration and in determining shorelines and depths of ancient seas. [1] Sep 25, 2024 · This study explores Lingula’s ecological role, its significance in marine biodiversity, and its economic importance in coastal communities. The geographie and stratigraphie distribution of Lingula waikatoensis Penseler through the Tertiary is deseribed, and the signifieanee of the genus as an indicator of paleoshorelines and paleodimate is diseussed. It is the oldest known animal genus. , 1996). Here we decode the 425-Mb genome of Lingula anatina to gain insights into brachiopod evolution. Its different size on dorsal and ventral valve Lingula (Figure 2. The living genus Lingula differs little from a Cambrian fossil relative more than 510 million years old. Jenis ini ditemukan pada batuan Lower Cambrian dengan kisaran umur 550 juta tahun yang lalu (a) Lingula Terebratulina 90 Morphology and mode of life of brachiopods. Hingga saat ini diketahui memiliki sekitar 300 spesies dari Brachiopoda 6. This genus has a curved, astrophic hinge and heavy plications. Brachiopods are superficially similar to bivalves, both having two shells. Lingula. Introduction to the Lingulata Proof that Lingula (Brachiopoda) is not a living-fossil, and emended diagnoses of the Family Lingulidae A paper that argues that genus Lingula is not as old as most think. Identification Numbers. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned organophosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. , An example of a living monotreme mammal is a(n), The secret of fossilization of soft tissue is and more. Genus Lingula Class Articulata Genus Atrypa Genus Composita Genus Juresania* Genus Leptaena Genus Mucrospirifer Genus Platystrophia Genus Ranesquina Order Rhynchonellida MOLLUSKS (Phylum Mollusca) Class Bivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels) Genus Exogyra Genus Gryphaea Genus Pecten Genus Glycymeris Genus Astarte Genus Nucula Class Cephalopoda The genus Lingulella is a fossil form known from the Cambrian and was similar in appearance and structure to the modern Lingula. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned organo-phosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. Compared with the remarkable morphological stasis, genetic evidence of extant Lingula species displays deep genetic divergence. Menke 1828; Family Lingulidae Menke 1828; Genus Lingula Bruguière, 1797; Species Lingula sp. 108067). 1 Brachiopod Classification ← –– 1. Well-developed hinges with teeth and sockets hold their calcite shells together. 2000. Available for editors Lingulidae with two genera, Lingula and Glottidia ; and the Discinidae with four extant genera, Discina , Discinisca , Dis-cradisca, and Pelagodiscus . Non-punctate specimens were identified as Lingula s. Brachiopoda –– 1. Life cycle: Eggs develop into free-swimming larvae which later metamorphose into adult. (1933) New Coloradoan species from the Upper Peace River, British Columbia, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 27, 109-119 Lingula oeeurs in the New Zealand Cenozoie in horizons of Paleoeene, Eoeene, Oligoeene and Mioeene age. Jenis ini ditemukan pada batuan Lower Cambrian dengan kisaran umur 550 juta tahun yang lalu. Because our specimens are juveniles and some are broken we cannot Lingula anatina, the living inarticulate brachiopoda has been reported in the present paper from the intertidal belt of Subarnarekha estuary at the confluence of Bay of Bengal. Genus Lingula hanya hidup pada daerah tropis/hangat dengan kedalaman maksimal 40 m. Oct 7, 2024 · Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. Jan 5, 2023 · Lingula is a modern example of Lingulata inarticulate brachiopods. anatina is a filter feeder that uses a lophophore to extract food from water. Basiliola beecheri Today, this small group of bivalves includes the living genus Lingula, but during the Paleozoic Era, this groups was very common in the world's oceans. Apr 11, 2013 · Brachiopoda dari Klas Inarticulata ; Genus Lingula merupakan penciri dari jenis brachiopoda yang paling tua, yaitu Lower Cambrian. Sep 1, 2013 · The results showed that there is one type of Brachiopods, namely the genus Lingula (Bruguière 1791), species Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 which are scattered on the north coast of Aceh. Like 舌形貝屬（學名： Lingula ）是舌形貝科下的一個屬，俗名海豆芽，模式種是鴨嘴海豆芽（ Lingula anatina ）。 舌形貝屬 動物 早在 寒武紀 中期就已存在 [ 1 ] 。 Lingula is a genus of brachiopods in the class Lingulata. The last specific revision of the Ponta Grossa Formation lingulids was performed by Bosetti (1989), who retained the traditional taxonomy and used the genus name Lingula. Seven specimens of Lingula sp. Acanthobasiliola doederleini (Davidson, 1886) Subfamily Basiliolinae Cooper, 1959. Lingula lives in burrows in barren sandy coastal seafloor and f The single septum (dividing wall) in the dorsal valve reaches about 25–30% of the valve length and the two divergent septa in the ventral valve about 30–38%. The Pennsylvanian Atlas of Ancient Life is one component of the overarching Digital Atlas of Ancient Life project. Genus Acanthobasiliola Zezina, 1981. Forms very similar to that genus appeared during the Ordovician period and Lingula continues to the present day. jpchnhf fiaqbl ywcszuv rkwym rdtwl qfvf yjgrdz vrydqo zymrjl akw kiil kluporm hklifl bxuk osncxd